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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(10): 1175-1183, dic. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-978753

ABSTRACT

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and obesity are a public health problem in Chile. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment alternative to achieve a significant and sustained weight reduction in patients with morbid obesity. The results of controlled clinical trials indicate that, compared to medical treatment, surgery for obese patients with DM2 allows a better control of blood glucose and cardiovascular risk factors, reduces the need for medications and increases the likelihood for remission. Consensus conferences and clinical practice guidelines support bariatric surgery as an option to treat DM2 in Class III Obesity (Body Mass Index (BMI) > 40) regardless of the glycemic control and the complexity of pharmacological treatment and in Class II Obesity (BMI 35-39,9) with inadequate glycemic control despite optimal pharmacological treatment and lifestyle. However, surgical indication for patients with DM2 and BMI between 30-34.9, the most prevalent sub-group, is only suggested. The Chilean Societies of Endocrinology and Diabetes and of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery decided to generate a consensus regarding the importance of other factors related to DM2 that would allow a better selection of candidates for surgery, particularly when weight does not constitute an indication. Considering the national reality, we also need a statement regarding the selection and characteristics of the surgical procedure as well as the role of the diabetologist in the multidisciplinary team.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/surgery , Bariatric Surgery/methods , Obesity/surgery , Societies, Medical , Body Mass Index , Chile , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Medical Illustration
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 145(2): 181-187, feb. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-845522

ABSTRACT

Background: Structured educative programs have demonstrated their usefulness as a strategy to improve metabolic control in diabetic patients. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a structured educative program for Chilean diabetic patients. Material and Methods: A randomized clinical trial in diabetic patients with glycosylated hemoglobin over 7.5%. One hundred fifteen patients were studied, 59 patients participated in the structured educative program (experimental group) and 56 patients received no structured education (control group). Patients were followed for 12 months. Results: Between baseline and 12 months of follow-up, glycosylated hemoglobin changed from 10.05 to 9.11% in experimental patients and from 9.86 to 9.25% in controls. No significant differences between experimental and control groups in other clinical and metabolic parameters were observed. In the experimental group, glycosylated hemoglobin reductions differed among the different educators who carried out the program. Conclusions: A structured educative program resulted in a 35% greater reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin levels, compared with a control group. Metabolic control improvement differed between the educators who carried out the program.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism , Patient Education as Topic/standards , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Program Evaluation , Chile , Patient Education as Topic/methods
3.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1508693

ABSTRACT

Insulin resistance is a prevalent condition commonly associated with unhealthy lifestyles. It affects several metabolic pathways, increasing risk of abnormalities at different organ levels. Thus, diverse medical specialties should be involved in its diagnosis and treatment. With the purpose of unifying criteria about this condition, a scientific-based consensus was elaborated. A questionnaire including the most important topics such as cardio-metabolic risk, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovary syndrome, was designed and sent to national experts. When no agreement among them was achieved, the Delphi methodology was applied. The main conclusions reached are that clinical findings are critical for the diagnosis of insulin resistance, not being necessary blood testing. Acquisition of a healthy lifestyle is the most important therapeutic tool. Insulin-sensitizing drugs should be prescribed to individuals at high risk of disease according to clinically validated outcomes. There are specific recommendations for pregnant women, children, adolescents and older people.

4.
Rev. latinoam. psicol ; 43(3): 443-453, sep. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-650078

ABSTRACT

Un aumento de las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) mundialmente, la existencia de un porcentaje más alto que el promedio nacional de éstas para la región de Maule (Chile), y una atención incrementada en el análisis de factores psicológicos, motivan el análisis del Patrón de Comportamiento Tipo A (PCTA) y la ira respecto de las ECV. Se trabajó con 1007 participantes de 18 a 74 años (ciudadanos de Talca, Chile), mayoritariamente mujeres, quienes respondieron un cuestionario (información socio demográfica, hábitos alimentarios y de estilo de vida), la Escala Retiro de Patrón de Conducta tipo A (ERCTAa), y el Inventario de Ira de Novaco. Se les midió peso, masa corporal, presión arterial y sangre, como factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Los participantes son altamente sedentarios (79.9%), tabáquicos (53.6%), hipercolesterolémicos (44.5%), con sobrepeso (40.7%) y obesidad (32.6%), un cuarto de los cuales presenta hiperglicemia e hipertensión y con PCTA equirepartido según sexo. Es la ausencia de PCTA (ó presencia de PCTB) la que aparece asociada a factores tradicionales de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV). La ira alta se presenta más en mujeres que en hombres (2.1% vs. 0.3%; c²(3) = 27.99, p<.0001), disminuyendo para ambos sexos con la edad, pero los infartos acaecen igualmente según sexo.


A worldwide raise in the number of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the existence of a higher percentage in Maule (Chile) than the national media, and increased attention in the analysis of psychological factors motivate to analyze the Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP) and anger in relation to CVD. The sample was 1007 adults between 18 and 74 years old (citizens of Talca, Chile), mostly women. They provided information about their demographic details, eating habits and lifestyle, answered the Novaco's Anger Inventory and the Retiro Scale of Type A Behavior (RSTAB), and also were taken measurements like weight, body mass index and blood pressure and blood tests related to risk factors to traditional cardiovascular diseases. The results show Overall, that the participants appear highly sedentary (79.9%) with relatively high levels of tabaquism (53.6%), and hypercholesterolemia (44.5%), overweight (40.7%) and obesity (32.6%). A quarter of the sample also presents hyperglycemic indexes, hypertension and TABP unequally distributed by sex. The absence of PCTA (or PCTB presence) appeared mostly associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CRF). Regarding anger, women present more high than men (2.1% against 0.3%; c²(3) = 27.99, p<.0001), decreasing for both sexes with age, while also befall stroke by sex.

5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 137(10): 1273-1282, oct. 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-534033

ABSTRACT

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Chile and worldwide. Framingham functions were developed to calculate overall coronary heart disease risk However these functions overestimate the risk in some countries ¡ike Chile. Aim To develop Chilean risk tables to assess the overall 10-year risk of coronary heart disease. Material and methods: The Framingham function was adapted for a population aged 35 to 74 years, based on an estimate of Chilean incidence of coronary heart disease and the prevalence of coronary heart disease risk factors such as age, sex, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes and smoking. Results: The 10-year incidence of coronary heart disease in Chile (2.7 percent in men, 1.096 in women) was lower than the incidence in the United States (10.096/3.896) and Spain (4.996/2.296), but higher than China (1.196/0.496). Framingham tables have more than 50 percent of cells in the risk category of 10 percent or greater. In contrast, Chilean tables have less than 10 percent of cells in the same risk category. Conclusions: Adapted tables use local information to calculate overall coronary heart disease risk. A validation study should be conducted to assess their predictive power.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Coronary Disease/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , China/epidemiology , Coronary Disease/etiology , Diabetes Complications/epidemiology , Incidence , Prevalence , Risk Assessment/methods , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Spain/epidemiology , United States/epidemiology
6.
Kinesiologia ; 25(3): 3-10, sept. 2006. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-471364

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Reportar el protocolo de evaluación y los efectos de un programa de ejercicio supervisado, en un hombre adulto con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Métodos: Presentamos el reporte detallado de un caso que incluye datos de laboratorio, análisis biométrico, evaluación de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y de capacidad de trabajo físico en evaluaciones pre y post programa de ejercicio físico. Un hombre de 56 años fue referido al Programa de Actividad Física para Pacientes Crónicos de la Escuela de Kinesiología de la Universidad Católica del Maule con el objetivo de evaluar y prescribir el ejercicio físico para mejorar su control metabólico y disminuir sus factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Bajo la supervisión de kinesiólogos y de alumnos de kinesiología el paciente participó de un programa de ejercicio de características submáximas por un período de 12 semanas. Resultados: Al finalizar el programa de ejercicio, el paciente presentaba mejorías en el control glicémico, lipídico y de peso, además de una disminución del riesgo cardiovascular y un aumento en su capacidad de trabajo físico. Conclusión: Este reporte de caso demuestra que un programa de ejercicio físico supervisado es de gran utilidad en el manejo de un paciente con DM2 y que la participación del kinesiólogo entrega garantías para utilizar una herramienta terapéutica de bajo costo y altamente efectiva en el tratamiento de esta enfermedad.


Subject(s)
Male , Middle Aged , Humans , /rehabilitation , Exercise , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Hyperlipidemias/prevention & control , Physical Conditioning, Human , Body Weight , /therapy , Blood Glucose/analysis , Hyperglycemia/prevention & control , Lipids/analysis
7.
Bol. Hosp. San Juan de Dios ; 43(3): 140-5, mayo-jun. 1996. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-175075

ABSTRACT

En diabéticos no insulinodependientes, microalbuminuria (30 a 300 mg en 24 horas) sería un marcador de nefropatía, retinopatía proliferativa y morbimortalidad cardiovascular, y reflejaría daño vascular generalizado. En el presente trabajo se estudia una casuística de 56 diabéticos tipo II divididos en 2 grupos: normoalbuminúricos (con albuminuria de 24 h menor de 30 mg), 36 casos; microalbuminúricos (con albuminuria de 24 h entre 30 y 300 mg), 20 casos. Todos ellos eran < de 70 años, tenían ECG de reposo normal; creatininemia menor de 1,2 mg por litro y proteinuria menor de 500 mg en 24 horas. En los integrantes de abos grupos se realizaron ergometría y ecocardiograma bidimensional doppler color. Los dos grupos eran comparables en edad; sexo; años de tratamiento de la diabetes; control metábolico; índice de masa corporal; cifras de presión arterial; función renal y pérfil lipídico. El análisis estadístico de los resultados revela que los diabéticos no insulinodependientes microalbuminúricos presentan una significativa mayor frecuencia de alteraciones ergométricas y ecocardiográficas que los normoalbuminúricos, destacando la respuesta hipertensa y la disfunción ventricular diastólica


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Albuminuria , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/urine , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism , Ventricular Dysfunction , Echocardiography, Doppler , Ergometry , Heart Diseases/etiology , Hypertension , Blood Pressure/physiology
8.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 12(1): 4-12, ene.-mar. 1993. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-125382

ABSTRACT

El tratamiento farmacológico de la hipertensión arterial primaria ha reducido la incidencia de la IC, que era la complicación más frecuente en su historia natural. Sin embargo, como aún persiste, se estudiaron su incidencia, factores pronósticos y caracteres clínico y ecocardiográfico en una cohorte de 837 hipertensos seguidos 16 años con terapia farmacológica a base de diuréticos (solos 23%, asociados 47%), betabloqueadores (solos 32%, asociados 47%) y vasodilatadores, antagonistas del Ca++ e inhibidores de la ECA (solos 5% y asociados 9%). Treinta y ocho pacientes desarrollaron IC en el seguimiento (tasas 9,6% a 7 años, 8,2% a 12 años y 6,1% a 16 años, diferencias no significativas), 15 fallecieron (tasa 1,9% a 16 años). Los factores pronósticos significativos (según modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox) fueron grado de avance lesional (OMS) al ingreso, PA diastólica promedio intraterapia y número de antecedentes mórbidos preexistentes, de los cuales la diabetes y la enfermedad coronaria fueron los más relevantes y significativos (en 7 de 10 coronarios, el compromiso coronario fue directamente responsable de la IC). La HTA apareció como causa única de IC en el 58%, asociada a enfermedad coronaria en el 26,5%, a insuficiencia renal en el 13,3% y a aneurisma disecante aórtico 2,5%. De los 16 pacientes con evolución ecocardiográfica anual (7años), la mitad desarrolló dilatación del VI con disfunción sistólica y la otra mitad mantuvo hipertrofia concéntrica con cámara normal y disfunción diastólica


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Cardiac Output, Low/prevention & control , Hypertension/drug therapy , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Cardiac Output, Low/etiology , Coronary Disease/diagnosis , Echocardiography/statistics & numerical data , Follow-Up Studies , Hypertension/complications , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Risk Factors
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